ever wonder what words mean?

[Shaft]

Wollof - English Dictionary
prepared by
Peace Corps The Gambia
PO Box 582
Banjul
The Gambia
tel: 220 392120
1995
- i -
PRONOUNCIATION GUIDE
The wolof pronunciation system is relatively simple. Every symbol stands for only one sound, that is every symbol is
pronounced the same way in every word.
The distinction between short and long vowels is very important, because it is sometimes the only way to distinguish pairs of
words which have different meanings. Long vowels are always doubled, while short vowels are not.
There is a lot of prenalization in wolof. There usually occur with nasals such as m, n, etc...
VOWELS
As indicated, wolof vowels are either long or short. A long vowel is indicated a doubling of the symbol, and it must be
pronounced a little longer than a short vowel (which is not doubled). Long and short vowels can occur anywhere in the word.
Vowel Nearest English Equivalent Wolof Examples
a absorb banta, tapa, santa
aa far laaj, naaj, caabi
e get dem, lem, gerte
ee where seet, leel
é say bés
éé sane wéér, réér
í« bird kí«r, dí«gí«r
i in, pit nit, simiis, timis
ii meet siis, lii, kii
o moment xob, romba
í³ no ní³b, sí³f
oo door loo, soo
í³í³ phone gí³í³r, fí³í³t
u cook nuyu, ubi
uu moon tuuru, yuuxu
CONSONANTS
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F FKLQFKXUFK FDDELFHHEFDDPRx
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N FRRO NDDODNXPSD
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PRENASALIZED CONSONANTS
PE PEp\PEDDP
QG QGH\QGLJWH
QMQJ QJRUQJD
PS ODPSD
í˜ WDí˜NDOXí˜ND
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[Sightless]

There is a lot of prenalization in wolof.

I believe "prenalization" should be "prenasalization".

Also, we do have the IPA system. Why've they gotta mess stuffs up? Granted, the system is rather arbitrary (though clearly culturally biased), but any system of that nature pretty much has to be.

Good post, though.

 

[Shaft]

welcome to GR Sightless....you may want to browse through this before you post more.


Prepared for the Kaiser Family Foundation by:
American Social Health Association
SexuallyTransmitted Diseases
in America:
HowMany Cases and at What Cost?
DECEMBER 1998
2 Kaiser Family Foundation
Sexually Transmitted Diseases in America
Editorial Staff:
LINDA L. ALEXANDER, Ph.D., F.A.A.N.
President and Chief Executive Officer
American Social Health Association
JOAN R. CATES
Vice President of Development and Policy
American Social Health Association
NANCY HERNDON
Development Program Manager
American Social Health Association
JENNIFER F. RATCLIFFE, Ph.D., M.Sc
Epidemiologist
American Social Health Association
AMERICAN SOCIAL HEALTH ASSOCIATION
PO Box 13827 (919) 361-8400
Research Triangle Park, NC 27713 FAX: (919) 361-8425
http://www.ashastd.org
KAISER FAMILY FOUNDATION
2400 Sand Hill Road (650) 854-9400
Menlo Park, CA 94025 FAX: (650) 854-4800
http://www.kff.org
Kaiser Family Foundation 3
Sexually Transmitted Diseases in America
Table of Contents
Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
ASHA Panel To Estimate STD Incidence, Prevalence and Cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Estimates of the Incidence and Prevalence of STDs in the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Estimates of the Direct Medical Costs of STDs in the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Estimated Impact of STDs State-by-State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
List of Tables and Figures
TABLES
TABLE 1. Strength of Evidence, STD Surveillance Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
TABLE 2. Estimated Incidence and Prevalence of STDs,
United States, 1996, by Strength of Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
TABLE 3. Estimated Annual Medical Costs of the Major Curable STDs in the United States . . 24
TABLE 4. Estimated Annual Medical Costs of the Major Viral STDs in the United States . . . . 25
TABLE 5. Estimated Annual Direct Costs of All STDs by State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
FIGURES
FIGURE 1. Estimated Annual New Cases of STDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
FIGURE 2. Total Cases of Viral STDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
FIGURE 3. Distribution of New Cases of STDs by Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4 Kaiser Family Foundation
Sexually Transmitted Diseases in America
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) have a significant health and economic impact on the American
people. However, the scope of the STD epidemic can be difficult to measure. The most widely quoted
estimate â€â€

 

[GRZorak]

Very informative. A+. Printing this now.

 

[Sightless]

I have a few issues with that, Shaft. In general, of course I agree, and I think too often people overlook the particular sociocultural factors that influence these statistics to a significant degree.

My first issue is the use of the word "epidemic". Obviously it's a fair term to apply, but it feels like a CNN report or something. STDs is also kind of misleading in a similar fashion, which is why people tend to talk about STIs instead.

In particular, the situation with HPV is one that has bothered me for a while, especially considering all the hype surrounding these vaccines that are made available for women and girls. That aside (as that's a whole other argument in itself), it is relevant to that article to note that not all types of HPV are accounted for, and furthermore, that we cannot say anything about the percentage of types that are related to cancer. Indeed, there are types which clear up on their own (which might be considered "curable"?).

Anyway. My last gripe is about this claim:

in general, women have less say than men over whether to have sex, and whether condoms are used.

I just want to voice my disagreement. I'm sure most people do agree with that statement, but I think that's part of the problem. It only enforces that view, really, and becomes this ridiculous self-fulfilling perspective. The wording could be altered so that I might agree more. Maybe if they suggested that women are less likely to be vocal about it, I would accept that. They just seem to state it as a fact about the world.

What think'st thou?

GRZorak: Be sure to format appropriately.

 

[GRZorak]

GRZorak: Be sure to format appropriately.

nO.

 

[Sightless]

GRZorak: Be sure to format appropriately.

nO.

nOu.

 

[Shaft]

u too are being to dumb two even talk two

 

[Sightless]

Oh dear, did you just end a phrase with a prime numeral?

 

[UghRochester]

So Shaft's topics only bring Zorak back to life in the forums? Oh and thank you for copy and pasting Shaft.

 

[Lien]

I at the many faces in the list. And yet, this alone is going to make my day! I'm such a simple fellow, ladies take notice!

Also, why do i have a bunch of squares with lil' zeroes and threes here?

 

[Rakon]

I don't understand this thread

 

[MattAY]

What. The. Fuck?

Shaft is it time to change your password? Because with all that bullshit it looks like you've been hacked into.

Scrolling down on a hangover is annoying.

 

[Green_Lantern]

What is this I don't even.

 

[De-Ting]

TL;DR

 

[Bretimus_v2]

^Ditto

 

[schimmel]

Can someone close this please? It seems pointless

 

[GRZorak]

Can someone close this please? It seems pointless

Can someone close schimmel please? It seems pointless.

 

[Lien]

Can someone close this please? It seems pointless

Can someone close schimmel please? It seems pointless.

Can someone close quotations please? It seems pointless.

 

[Shaft]

Wollof - English Dictionary
prepared by
Peace Corps The Gambia
PO Box 582
Banjul
The Gambia
tel: 220 392120
1995
- i -
PRONOUNCIATION GUIDE
The wolof pronunciation system is relatively simple. Every symbol stands for only one sound, that is every symbol is
pronounced the same way in every word.
The distinction between short and long vowels is very important, because it is sometimes the only way to distinguish pairs of
words which have different meanings. Long vowels are always doubled, while short vowels are not.
There is a lot of prenalization in wolof. There usually occur with nasals such as m, n, etc...
VOWELS
As indicated, wolof vowels are either long or short. A long vowel is indicated a doubling of the symbol, and it must be
pronounced a little longer than a short vowel (which is not doubled). Long and short vowels can occur anywhere in the word.
Vowel Nearest English Equivalent Wolof Examples
a absorb banta, tapa, santa
aa far laaj, naaj, caabi
e get dem, lem, gerte
ee where seet, leel
é say bés
éé sane wéér, réér
í« bird kí«r, dí«gí«r
i in, pit nit, simiis, timis
ii meet siis, lii, kii
o moment xob, romba
í³ no ní³b, sí³f
oo door loo, soo
í³í³ phone gí³í³r, fí³í³t
u cook nuyu, ubi
uu moon tuuru, yuuxu
CONSONANTS
E ER\ EXQWDEDQ
F FKLQFKXUFK FDDELFHHEFDDPRx
G GRJ GHIGDUD
I ILUH IDVIHWHOIRND
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P PRRQ PHHZGHP
Q QRE QLWQD[
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\ \RXU \DD\\XX[X
PRENASALIZED CONSONANTS
PE PEp\PEDDP
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QMQJ QJRUQJD
PS ODPSD
í˜ WDí˜NDOXí˜ND
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